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type="text/css"></style> <div id="ct" class="ct2 wp cl"> <div class="mn"> <div class="bm_haa cl"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=61" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a><h1 class="xs2">文章</h1> </div></div> <div class="kjkjb"> <div class="bm vw" style="margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="h hm"> <div class="zxtoux"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=54876&size=small" /></div> <h1 class="ph">光学简明原理：压缩态光（理论学习者必看） </h1> <p class="xg1"> 时间：2020-7-21 11:25<a class="zz" href="home.php?mod=space&uid=54876">作者：update</a> 阅读<em id="_viewnum">(2163)</em> 评论: <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=comment&id=8575&idtype=aid" title="查看全部评论"><em id="_commentnum">5</em></a>来自: 网络平台</p> <div class="zxfb" ><a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=61" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a></div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarytop]--><div id="diysummarytop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="s"> <div class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>今天跟大家带来的是“压缩态光”！希望各位光学人和学习光学专业的同学们好好学习一下！</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content"><div> 今天跟大家带来的是“压缩态光”！希望各位光学人和学习光学专业的同学们好好学习一下！</div><div><br></div><div> 压缩态光：一种非经典光，其中一个正交分量的噪声低于标准量子极限。</div><div><br></div><div> 压缩态光（压缩光）是一种非经典光，是量子光学中的一个重要课题，最早的实验研究开始于1980s。</div><div><br></div><div> 理解压缩光最好的方法是将该光子态表示为光场一个模式的复数相量形式。经典上，这一状态可以由一个特定相量表示（或者复平面上的端点处坐标）。由量子光学中的不确定性原理可知，任何对光场复振幅的<a href="http://opticaltest.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">测量</a>得到的值都不同，所有的值处于一个由不确定性原理决定的范围内。并且，光场的正交分量之间也要满足不确定性关系，也就是两正交分量的不确定性的乘积是某一个确定值与普朗克常数的乘积。</div><div><br></div><div> Glauber的相干态的不确定区域是圆对称的，因此不确定性关系给出了最小噪声振幅，例如振幅和相位的最小噪声。更进一步减小振幅噪声只能通过“压缩”不确定性区域，减小其在振幅方向的宽度同时正交方向的宽度增大，也就是相位不确定变大。这就称为压缩振幅的光（见图1，左图）。相反的（图1中），为了得到相位压缩光需要增大振幅涨落。</div><div><br></div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/202007/21/112442bqmqqrhztthhpdtr.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/202007/21/112442bqmqqrhztthhpdtr.jpg"></a></p></div><div><br></div><div> 图1：不同压缩态光的相量图。蓝色的椭圆代表不确定性区域。</div><div><br></div><div> 还有一些压缩态，不确定性区域的指向与以上描述的不同，或者不确定性区域的形状不是椭圆。不管是哪种情况，总有分量的噪声小于标准量子极限。</div><div><br></div><div> 图1右图描述的是真空压缩态，其中不确定性区域的中心（对应于平均振幅）在坐标系的原点，在某一方向涨落是被减小的。这种情况下的平均光子数大于0，被称为真空压缩态是因为平均振幅（而不是平均光子数）为0.平均振幅不为0的压缩态被称为明亮压缩光。</div><div><br></div><div> 量子噪声也会引起偏振态的涨落，在偏振压缩光中偏振态的涨落被减小了。</div><div><br></div><div> 产生压缩光</div><div><br></div><div> 可以利用一些光的非线性相互作用由相干态或者真空态产生压缩光。例如，真空输入的光参量放大器可以产生真空压缩光，其中一个正交分量的噪声减小的量级为10dB。可以通过倍频来获得低压缩度的明亮压缩光。</div><div><br></div><div> 光纤中的非线性克尔效应也能产生振幅压缩光。当采用稳定的泵浦电流泵浦<a href="http://sensor.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">半导体</a><a href="http://laser.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">激光</a>器时也可以得到振幅压缩光。原子与光相互作用也可以产生压缩光。</div><div><br></div><div> 应用</div><div><br></div><div> <a href="http://theory.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">理论</a>上，由于能够减小测量中的量子噪声，压缩光可以应用于很多领域。例如，采用大型干涉仪探测引力波时可以利用其超精密测量性质来测量长度。实际上，应用压缩光并不多，因为存在很多困难。</div><div><br></div><div> 例如，光损耗使压缩光接近于相干态光的性质，也就是损耗会破坏器非经典特性。压缩态光在基础量子光学研究中还是发挥了很重要的作用。</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><div style="overflow-wrap: normal; color: rgb(143, 143, 143); font-family: Tahoma, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="overflow-wrap: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.oecr.com/data/attachment/portal/202007/08/134202qbq1brlrezb1qd7d.jpg" target="_blank" style="overflow-wrap: normal; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s linear 0s; font-family: 微软雅黑;"><img 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