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type="text/css"></style> <div id="ct" class="ct2 wp cl"> <div class="mn"> <div class="bm_haa cl"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=61" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a><h1 class="xs2">文章</h1> </div></div> <div class="kjkjb"> <div class="bm vw" style="margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="h hm"> <div class="zxtoux"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=54876&size=small" /></div> <h1 class="ph">光学人的理论课堂｜纤维光学通信 </h1> <p class="xg1"> 时间：2018-8-29 09:52<a class="zz" href="home.php?mod=space&uid=54876">作者：update</a> 阅读<em id="_viewnum">(1259)</em> 评论: <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=comment&id=6999&idtype=aid" title="查看全部评论"><em id="_commentnum">5</em></a></p> <div class="zxfb" ><a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=61" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a></div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarytop]--><div id="diysummarytop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="s"> <div class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>通信在当今的社会应用相当广泛，今天的光学人理论课带来的是关于纤维光学通信的内容，请各位光学人看看！</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content"><div> <a href="http://ofc.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">通信</a>在当今的社会应用相当广泛，今天的光学人<a href="http://theory.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">理论</a>课带来的是关于纤维光学通信的内容，请各位光学人看看！</div><div><br></div><div> 纤维光学通信是以光波作为信息载体，以光学纤维（光纤）作为传输媒介的一种通信方式。</div><div><br></div><div> 从原理上看，构成纤维光学通信的基本物质要素是光纤、光源和光检测器。</div><div><br></div><div> 光学纤维除了按制造<a href="http://optics.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">工艺</a>、<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">材料</a>组成以及光学特性进行分类外，在应用中，光学纤维常按用途进行分类，可分为通信用光学纤维和<a href="http://sensor.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">传感</a>用光学纤维。</div><div><br></div><div> 传输介质光纤又分为通用与专用两种，而功能器件光纤则指用于完成光波的放大、整形、分频、倍频、调制以及光振荡等功能的光纤，并常以某种功能器件的形式出现。</div><div><br></div><div> 原理</div><div><br></div><div> 纤维光学通信的原理是：在发送端首先要把传送的信息（如话音）变成电信号，然后调制到<a href="http://laser.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">激光</a>器发出的激光束上，使光的强度随电信号的幅度（频率）变化而变化，并通过光学纤维发送出去；在接收端，检测器收到光信号后把它变换成电信号，经解调后恢复原信息．</div><div><br></div><div> 随着信息技术传输速度日益更新，光纤技术已得到广泛的重视和应用。在多微<a href="http://machine.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">机电</a>梯系统中，光纤的应用充分满足了大量的数据通信正确、可靠、高速传输和处理的要求。</div><div><br></div><div> 光纤技术在电梯上的应用，大大提高了整个控制系统的反应速度，使电梯系统的并联群控性能有了明显提高。电梯上所使用的光纤通信装置主要由光源、光电接收器和光学纤维组成。</div><div><br></div><div> 发展历史</div><div><br></div><div> 1966年英籍华人高锟(Charles Kao)发表论文提出用石英制作玻璃丝(光学纤维)，其损耗可达20dB/km，可实现大容量的光纤通信。当时，世界上只有少数人相信，如英国的标准电信实验室(STL)、美国的Corning玻璃公司，Bell实验室等领导。2009年高锟因发明光学纤维获得诺贝尔奖。</div><div><br></div><div> 1970年，Corning公司研制出损失低达20dB/km，长约30 m的石英光学纤维，据说花费了3000千万美元。1976年Bell实验室在华盛顿亚特兰大建立了一条实验线路，传输速率仅45Mb/s，只能传输数百路电话，而用中同轴电缆可传输1800路电话。</div><div><br></div><div> 因为当时尚无通信用的激光器，而是用<a href="http://light.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">发光</a>二极管(LED)做纤维光学通信的光源，所以速率很低。1984年左右，通信用的<a href="http://sensor.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">半导体</a>激光器研制成功，纤维光学通信的速率达到144Mb/s，可传输1920路电话。</div><div><br></div><div> 1992年一根光学纤维传输速率达到2.5Gb/s，相当3万余路电话。1996年，各种波长的激光器研制成功，可实现多波长多通道的纤维光学通信，即所谓“波分复用”(WDM)技术，也就是在1根光纤内，传输多个不同波长的光信号。于是纤维光学通信的传输容量倍增。在2000年，利用WDM技术，一根光纤传输速率达到640Gb/s。</div><div><br></div><div> 有人对高锟1976年发明了光学纤维，而2010年才获得诺贝尔奖有很大的疑问。事实上，从以上光学纤维发展史可以看出，尽管光学纤维的容量很大，没有高速度的激光器和微<a href="http://electronic.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">电子</a>仍不能发挥光纤超大容量的作用。</div><div><br></div><div> 电子器件的速率才达到吉比特/秒量级，各种波长的高速激光器的出现使光学纤维传输达到太比特/秒量级(1Tb/s=1000 Gb/s)，人们才认识到“光学纤维的发明引发了通信技术的一场革命”。</div><div><br></div><div> 纤维光学通信是现代通信网的主要传输手段，它的发展历史只有一二十年，已经历三代：短波长多模光纤、长波长多模光纤和长波长单模光纤．采用纤维光学通信是通信史上的重大变革，美、日、英、法等20多个国家已宣布不再建设电缆通信线路，而致力于发展光纤通信．中国光纤通信已进入实用阶段．</div><div><br></div><div> 纤维光学通信的诞生和发展是电信史上的一次重要革命与卫星通信、移动通信并列为20世纪90年代的技术。进入21世纪后，由于因特网业务的迅速发展和音频、视频、数据、多媒体应用的增长，对大容量（超高速和超长距离）光波传输系统和网络有了更为迫切的需求。</div><div><br></div><div> 纤维光学通信就是利用光波作为载波来传送信息，而以光纤作为传输介质实现信息传输，达到通信目的的一种最新通信技术。</div><div><br></div><div> 通信的发展过程是以不断提高载波频率来扩大通信容量的过程，光频作为载频已达通信载波的上限，因为光是一种频率极高的电磁波 ，因此用光作为载波进行通信容量极大，是过去通信方式的千百倍，具有极大的吸引力，<a href="http://ofc.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">光通信</a>是人们早就追求的目标，也是通信发展的必然方向。</div><div><br></div><div> 纤维光学通信与以往的电气通信相比，主要区别在于有很多优点：它传输频带宽、通信容量大；传输损耗低、中继距离长；线径细、重量轻，原料为石英，节省金属材料，有利于资源合理使用；绝缘、抗电磁干扰性能强；还具有抗腐蚀能力强、抗辐射能力强、可绕性好、无电火花、泄露小、保密性强等优点，可在特殊环境或军事上使用。</div><div><br></div><div> 应用领域</div><div><br></div><div> 纤维光学通信的应用领域是很广泛的，主要用于市话中继线，光纤通信的优点在这里可以充分发挥，逐步取代电缆，得到广泛应用。</div><div><br></div><div> 还用于长途干线通信过去主要靠电缆、微波、卫星通信，现以逐步使用光纤通信并形成了占全球优势的比特传输方法；用于全球通信网、各国的公共电信网（如中国的国家一级干线、各省二级干线和县以下的支线）；它还用于高质量彩色的电视传输、工业生产现场监视和调度、交通监视控制指挥、城镇有线电视网、共用天线（CATV）系统，用于光纤局域网和其他如在飞机内、飞船内、舰艇内、矿井下、电力部门、军事及有腐蚀和有辐射等中使用。</div><div><br></div><div> 纤维光学通信传输系统主要由：光发送机、光接收机、光缆传输线路、光中继器和各种无源光器件构成。要实现通信，基带信号还必须经过电端机对信号进行处理后送到纤维光学通信传输系统完成通信过程。</div><div><br></div><div> 它适合于光纤模拟通信系统中，而且也适用于光纤数字通信系统和数据通信系统。</div><div><br></div><div> 在纤维光学模拟通信系统中，电信号处理是指对基带信号进行放大、预调制等处理，而电信号反处理则是发端处理的逆过程，即解调、放大等处理。</div><div><br></div><div> 在光纤数字通信系统中，电信号处理是指对基带信号进行放大、取样、量化，即脉冲编码调制（PCM ）和线路码型编码处理等，而电信号反处理也是发端的逆过程。</div><div><br></div><div> 对数据光纤通信，电信号处理主要包括对信号进行放大，和数字通信系统不同的是它不需要码型变换。</div><div><br></div><div><p microsoft="" yahei",="" simsun;="" background-color:="" rgb(255,="" 255,="" 255);="" text-align:="" center;"="" center;="" 255);"="" style="text-align: center; word-wrap: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; color: rgb(143, 143, 143); font-family: Tahoma, "Microsoft Yahei", Simsun; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b 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</div> <input type="hidden" name="portal_referer" value="portal.php?mod=view&aid=6999#comment"> <input type="hidden" name="referer" value="portal.php?mod=view&aid=6999#comment" /> <input type="hidden" name="id" value="0" /> <input type="hidden" name="idtype" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="aid" value="6999"> <input type="hidden" name="formhash" value="98ee1e95"> <input type="hidden" name="replysubmit" value="true"> <input type="hidden" name="commentsubmit" value="true" /> <p class="ptn"><button type="submit" name="commentsubmit_btn" id="commentsubmit_btn" value="true" class="pn"><strong>评论</strong></button></p> </form> <a name="comment_anchor_19236"></a> <dl id="comment_19236_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(19236, '6999');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-97561.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">kelijohn</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2018-8-29 22:14</span> </dt> <dd>广告位，，坐下看看</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_19235"></a> <dl id="comment_19235_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(19235, '6999');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-47921.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">hsb478339552</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2018-8-29 21:43</span> </dt> <dd>传说中的沙发？？？哇卡卡。</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_19228"></a> <dl id="comment_19228_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(19228, '6999');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-76148.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">ltelite</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2018-8-29 18:43</span> </dt> <dd>有没有做led的同行？</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_19222"></a> <dl id="comment_19222_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(19222, '6999');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-44969.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">gycmgr</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2018-8-29 15:43</span> </dt> <dd>前排支持下了哦~</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_19210"></a> <dl id="comment_19210_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(19210, '6999');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-14832.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">china0577</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2018-8-29 10:13</span> </dt> <dd>就看看，不说话！</dd> </dl></div> </div> <!--[diy=diycontentcomment]--><div id="diycontentcomment" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> </div> <div class="sd pph"> <div class="drag"> <!--[diy=diyrighttop]--><div id="diyrighttop" class="area"><div id="frameG07e2m" class="sy_ltdr frame move-span cl frame-1"><div class="frame-title title"><span class="titletext">社区成员推荐</span></div><div id="frameG07e2m_left" class="column frame-1-c"><div id="frameG07e2m_left_temp" class="move-span 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