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type="text/css"></style> <div id="ct" class="ct2 wp cl"> <div class="mn"> <div class="bm_haa cl"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=62" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a><h1 class="xs2">文章</h1> </div></div> <div class="kjkjb"> <div class="bm vw" style="margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="h hm"> <div class="zxtoux"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=54876&size=small" /></div> <h1 class="ph">用光来操纵水 </h1> <p class="xg1"> 时间：2017-5-4 10:06<a class="zz" href="home.php?mod=space&uid=54876">作者：update</a> 阅读<em id="_viewnum">(1365)</em> 评论: <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=comment&id=5666&idtype=aid" title="查看全部评论"><em id="_commentnum">5</em></a></p> <div class="zxfb" ><a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=62" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a></div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarytop]--><div id="diysummarytop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="s"> <div class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>一个新的系统只使用光就可以控制水在表面上移动的方式。研究人员称，这一进展可能会开启诸如微流体诊断设备等技术的大门，这些设备的通道和阀门可以在工作中重新编程，又或者是可以在钻井平台上将水从油里面分离出来 ...</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content"><div> 麻省理工学院开发的一个新系统使得只使用光就可以控制水在表面上移动的方式成为可能。研究人员称，这一进展可能会开启诸如微流体诊断设备等技术的大门，这些设备的通道和阀门可以在工作中重新编程，又或者是可以在钻井平台上将水从油里面分离出来的现场系统。</div><div><br></div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/201705/04/100545xops6s9f8af0o446.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201705/04/100545xops6s9f8af0o446.jpg"></a></p></div><div><br></div><div> 这个在《自然*通讯》杂志上报道的系统是由麻省理工学院<a href="http://machine.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">机械</a>工程副教授Kripa Varanasi，工学院教学创新教授Gareth McKinley，前博士后Gibum Kwon，研究生Divya Panchanathan，前研究科学家Seyed Mahmoudi，以及沙特阿拉伯法赫德石油和矿物国王大学Mohammed Gondal一起开发出来的。</div><div><br></div><div> 该项目最初的目标是找到油水分离的方法，例如处理由某个油井产生的海水和原油油的泡沫混合物。这些混合物混合得越彻底，液滴越细，分离就越困难。有时候会使用静电方法，但这些方法都是能源密集型的，而且当水的盐度很高的时候通常是不起作用的，不幸的是这是通常的情况。取而代之的是，该团队探索了“光敏”表面的使用，其对水的反应可以通过光照来改变。</div><div><br></div><div> 通过产生可以由光来激活的与水相互作用——一种被称为润湿性的属性——的表面，研究人员发现，它们可以通过使单个水滴凝聚并扩散到表面而直接分离油和水。水滴融合得越多，它们与油分离得越好。</div><div><br></div><div> 光敏<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">材料</a>已经得到了广泛的研究和应用；一个例子是大多数防晒霜中的有效成分二氧化钛。但是大多数这些材料，包括二氧化钛，主要对紫外线做出响应，对可见光却几乎不响应。然而只有大约百分之五的阳光落在紫外线的范围内。因此，研究人员找到了一种方法来处理二氧化钛表面，使其对可见光进行响应。</div><div><br></div><div> 首先，他们使用逐层沉积技术在一层玻璃上建立了一个聚合物结合二氧化钛颗粒的膜。然后他们用简单的有机染料浸涂该材料。由此产生的表面居然对可见光高度敏感，当其暴露于阳光下时，其产生的润湿性变化比二氧化钛本身要强得多。当被阳光激活的时候，该材料被证明在分离油水混合物上非常有效——使水和油彼此分开。</div><div><br></div><div> “我们的灵感来自于<a href="http://solar.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">太阳能</a>电池的研究成果，在太阳能电池中染料敏化被用来提高对太阳辐射的吸收效率，”Varansi说。“染料与二氧化钛粒子的耦合使得在光照下产生电荷载流子。这将在该表面和被照射的液体之间建立一个电位差，并导致润湿性能的变化。”</div><div><br></div><div> 勘萨斯大学的助理教授Kwon说：“在光照下，盐水在我们的表面上扩散开来，但是石油不会。我们发现，在可见光下，几乎所有的海水都会在该表面上扩散，并与原油分离开来。”</div><div><br></div><div> 相同的效应也可以用来驱动水滴穿过一个表面，正如该研究小组在一系列实验中所演示的那样。利用移动的光束来选择性地改变材料的润湿性，液滴可以被引导向润湿性更好的地方，以很高的精度来在任何需要的方向上推动它。这样的系统可以被设计成没有内置边界或结构的微流体装置。液体的运动——例如诊断性的芯片上实验室装置中的一份血液样本——将完全由投射到它上面的光照模式来控制。</div><div><br></div><div> “通过系统地研究染料能级和接触液体的润湿性之间的关系，我们已经想出了一个设计这些光导液体操纵系统的框架，”Varanasi说。“通过选择合适的染料，我们可以在液滴动力学上产生一个显著的变化。这是一个光诱导的运动——一种非接触式的液滴运动。”</div><div><br></div><div> 这些表面的可切换的润湿性还有另一个好处：它们可以在很大程度上自清洁。当表面从吸引水（亲水性）切换到排斥水（疏水性）的时候，表面上的任何水都会被赶走，带走任何可能已经形成的污染物。</div><div><br></div><div> 由于光敏效应是基于染料涂料的，因此其可以通过从数以千计的可用有机染料中进行选择来实现高度的可调性。研究人员说，在这个过程中所涉及的所有材料都是广泛可用的，价格低廉的商品材料，而且制造它们的<a href="http://optics.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">工艺</a>也是很常见的工艺。</div><div><br></div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a 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name="formhash" value="92db3760"> <input type="hidden" name="replysubmit" value="true"> <input type="hidden" name="commentsubmit" value="true" /> <p class="ptn"><button type="submit" name="commentsubmit_btn" id="commentsubmit_btn" value="true" class="pn"><strong>评论</strong></button></p> </form> <a name="comment_anchor_12532"></a> <dl id="comment_12532_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(12532, '5666');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-53204.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">zgdxzwc</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2017-5-4 17:21</span> </dt> <dd>为了灌水大师称号！</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_12530"></a> <dl id="comment_12530_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(12530, '5666');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-92144.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">硝硝</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2017-5-4 16:21</span> </dt> <dd>看得懂，挺好。</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_12528"></a> <dl id="comment_12528_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(12528, '5666');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-55122.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">chenjihu</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2017-5-4 15:21</span> </dt> <dd>我喜欢望远镜。</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_12523"></a> <dl id="comment_12523_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(12523, '5666');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-53699.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">wukong505</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2017-5-4 13:21</span> </dt> <dd>为了灌水大师称号！</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_12517"></a> <dl id="comment_12517_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(12517, 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