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<div class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>太空农业研究产生了许多在地球上的进步（例如，LED在温室和垂直农场上的应用；新的马铃薯种薯繁育技术等）。虽然仍有许多技术上的挑战，但是当我们迁居月球，火星以及更远的星球时，植物以及相关的生物系统是使人类 ...</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content"><div> 在美国国会于今年3月通过了一项新的NASA法案并授权195亿美元用于太空探索的支出之后，载人的火星航行任务比以往更加接近现实。</div><div><br></div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/201704/07/100158hbvohiiorrrds7vo.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201704/07/100158hbvohiiorrrds7vo.jpg"></a></p></div><div><br></div><div> 随着公共和私营<a href="http://b.oecr.com/company" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">企业</a>做好了重返月球和人类第一次踏上火星的准备，人们开始重新关注如何让人们在这些极端环境中活下来并从事生产。</div><div><br></div><div> <font color="#f00000"><b>植物，特别是农作物，将会是所提出的再生式生命保障系统的重要组成部分，因为它们提供食物，氧气，去除二氧化碳，并协助水循环——所有这些都是以一种自我再生或“生物再生”的方式。</b></font></div><div><br></div><div> 毫无疑问，植物是建立足够长期（包括时间上和距离上）的人类太空探索任务的要求。在这个领域已经有大量的研究——这些研究不仅促进了太空农业的发展，同时也带来了大量以地球为基础的进步（例如，用于温室和垂直农场应用的LED<a href="http://light.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">照明</a>；新的马铃薯种薯繁育技术等）。</div><div><br></div><div> 由美国宇航局肯尼迪航天中心的Raymond M. Wheeler博士最近撰写的一篇文章现在可以在《开放农业》的公开版上看到了，提供了一份关于国际历史上和当前对于生物再生生命保障以及将受控环境农业应用于人类太空探索上的成就的翔实和全面的综述。该文章覆盖了各国际团队的主要进展，它将这项工作中一些被证明在地球上也存在价值的成果与技术转移联系了起来。</div><div><br></div><div> 使用植物来使人们在太空中维持生存和从事生产的想法，无论是在概念上还是在科学探究上都不是一件新鲜的事物。该文章涵盖了国际上很大一部分的历史研究工作，这些工作将是许多关于在太空中使用人工生态系统的交流研究和任务设计的基础。</div><div><br></div><div> 对该领域的研究始于20世纪50年代和60年代的Jack Myers等人，他们为美国空军和美国国家航空航天局（NASA）研究用藻类来进行氧气生产和二氧化碳去除。来自俄罗斯西伯利亚Krasnoyarsk的研究人员从上世纪60年代开始也进行了藻类生产和可控环境农业的研究，包括在人类船员身上进行试验，他们的空气、水、和大部分的食物都由小麦和其他作物提供。美国宇航局在上世纪80年代早期启动了受控生态生命保障系统（CELSS）的<a href="http://opticaltest.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">测试</a>，测试主要集中在小麦、大豆、马铃薯、莴苣和红薯在受控环境中的生产。这些研究的成果为在肯尼迪航天中心一个大小为20平方米，常压密闭室内进行测试铺平了道路。</div><div><br></div><div> 大约在同一时间，日本研究人员在青森州辖区开发出了一套封闭生态实验设施（CEEF），用植物，人类，动物和废物回收系统进行封闭系统研究。CEEF且有150平方米的植物生长区，这为两个人和两只羊提供了一个接近完整的饮食以及空气和水的再生。</div><div><br></div><div> 欧洲航天署MELiSSA项目始于20世纪80年代末，并寻求以生态方法为空间生命支持提供气体，水和<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">材料</a>回收，后来还扩展到包括植物测试。</div><div><br></div><div> 加拿大盖尔弗大学的一个研究小组在1994年创建了一个用于空间作物研究的研究装置。仅仅几年以后，他们继续开发成熟的树冠规模的低压植物生产室来测试外太空作物，并将他们的测试范围扩大到更广泛的受控环境农业主题。</div><div><br></div><div> 最近，位于中国北京的北京航空航天大学的一个研究小组设计、建造和测试了一个封闭的生命保障设施（月宫一号），其中包括一个69平方米的农业模块，为三个人提供空气，水和食品。</div><div><br></div><div> 由于这些在太空农业上的国际研究，产生了很多新的技术和研究结果；这包括在作物生长中第一次使用<a href="http://light.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">发光</a>二极管，第一个垂直农业示范，用水培方法种植像马铃薯和红薯等地下作物，破纪录的单位面积作物产量，从整个作物方面来量化挥发性有机化合物的生产（如乙烯）的能力，控制灌溉的创新方法，对废物进行处理和回收使其回到作物生产系统的方法，等等。</div><div><br></div><div> 太空农业这个主题已经为航天事业做出贡献，并使陆地生物和受控环境农业受益良多，在将来它仍将继续发挥作用。虽然仍有许多技术上的挑战，但是当我们迁居月球，火星以及更远的星球时，植物以及相关的生物系统是使人类能够在那种环境下存活下来的系统的很重要的组成元素。</div><div><br></div><div> 担任美国国家航空航天局（NASA）多个设计用来在微重力条件下生长植物的实验的首席研究员Gary W. Stutte博士评价该论文说：“Ray Wheeler博士撰写的这篇文章，是一部太空农业人致力于人类移民外太空事业的引人注目和完整的历史。凭借着对已经进行的项目，参与的人以及取得的进步的深刻了解，他突出了世界上的科学家和工程师在将太空探索的愿景变为现实的过程中所取得的成就和所做的贡献，他详细阐述了各个项目的问题，挑战，成果和贡献，并揭示了它们是如何在解决太空问题的同时又使得人类在地球上受益。这篇综述强调，最终的结局将不是通过什么宣言来达成，而是通过国家之间的合作，人与人之间的合作，以及持续承诺的机构来达成。对于任何对太空农业感兴趣的人来说，他的文章都值得读一读。”</div><div><br></div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/201704/07/100031kudz9pvvxm9pub8e.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201704/07/100031kudz9pvvxm9pub8e.jpg"></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 25.2px;">欢迎关注光电<a href="http://news.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">资讯</a>微信公众号，每天将由光电工程师<a href="http://club.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">社区</a>网站(oecr.com)编辑团队为您精选行业动态，科技资讯，技术解析，光电<a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=list&catid=62" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">科普</a>等精彩内容，欢迎交换友情链接</span><span style="line-height: 25.2px;">(</span><b 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id="comment_12074_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(12074, '5575');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-75927.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">flygzb</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2017-4-7 17:28</span> </dt> <dd>神奇的科技。</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_12067"></a> <dl id="comment_12067_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(12067, '5575');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-14679.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">tangboy99</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2017-4-7 13:58</span> </dt> <dd>支持支持再支持</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_12062"></a> <dl id="comment_12062_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(12062, '5575');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-97417.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">xiaowugui</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2017-4-7 11:28</span> </dt> <dd>发发呆，回回帖，工作结束~</dd> </dl><a name="comment_anchor_12061"></a> <dl id="comment_12061_li" class="ptm pbm bbda cl"> <dt class="mbm"> <span class="y xw0 xi2"> <a href="javascript:;" onclick="portal_comment_requote(12061, '5575');">引用</a> </span> <a href="http://club.oecr.com/space-uid-82285.html" class="xi2 xw1" c="1">jjin</a> <span class="xg1 xw0">2017-4-7 10:58</span> </dt> <dd>希望多多更新。</dd> </dl></div> </div> <!--[diy=diycontentcomment]--><div id="diycontentcomment" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> </div> <div class="sd pph"> <div class="drag"> <!--[diy=diyrighttop]--><div id="diyrighttop" class="area"><div id="framepeEZDd" class="sy_ltdr frame move-span cl frame-1"><div class="frame-title title"><span class="titletext">社区成员推荐</span></div><div id="framepeEZDd_left" class="column frame-1-c"><div id="framepeEZDd_left_temp" class="move-span temp"></div><div id="portal_block_910" class="cl_block_bm block move-span"><div 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