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type="text/css"></style> <div id="ct" class="ct2 wp cl"> <div class="mn"> <div class="bm_haa cl"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=62" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a><h1 class="xs2">文章</h1> </div></div> <div class="kjkjb"> <div class="bm vw" style="margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="h hm"> <div class="zxtoux"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=54876&size=small" /></div> <h1 class="ph">创新可使印刷太阳能电池变得廉价 </h1> <p class="xg1"> 时间：2017-2-21 09:54<a class="zz" href="home.php?mod=space&uid=54876">作者：update</a> 阅读<em id="_viewnum">(713)</em> 评论: <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=comment&id=5400&idtype=aid" title="查看全部评论"><em id="_commentnum">5</em></a>来自: 实验帮</p> <div class="zxfb" ><a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=62" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a></div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarytop]--><div id="diysummarytop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="s"> <div class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>一项新的创新可以使印刷太阳能电池变得和印刷报纸一样容易和廉价。研究人员已经清除了在开发一类被称为钙钛矿太阳能电池的较新的太阳能设备上的一个关键制造障碍。这种替代太阳能技术可以带来低成本、可印刷的太阳能 ...</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content"><div> 创新可使印刷<a href="http://solar.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">太阳能</a>电池变得廉价！多伦多大学的一项新的创新可以使印刷太阳能电池变得和印刷报纸一样容易和廉价。Hairen Tan博士和他的团队已经清除了在开发一类被称为钙钛矿太阳能电池的较新的太阳能设备上的一个关键制造障碍。这种替代太阳能技术可以带来低成本、可印刷的太阳能电池板，这些电池板可以把几乎任何表面变成一个发电机。</div><div><br></div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/201702/21/095358isy666zj8l13l8oy.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201702/21/095358isy666zj8l13l8oy.jpg"></a></p></div><div><br></div><div> “规模经济大大降低了硅制造的成本，”Ted Sargent教授说，他是新兴太阳能技术方面的专家以及加拿大<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">纳米</a>技术研究主席。“钙钛矿太阳能电池可以使我们能够使用印刷行业已有的技术，以非常低的成本生产太阳能电池。更近一步，钙钛矿和硅电池可以结合在一起以进一步提高效率，但只在低温过程中有优势。”<span style="line-height: 1.8em;">今天，几乎所有的商业太阳能电池都是由<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">晶体</a>硅薄片制成，其必须处理到一个非常高的纯度。这是一个能源密集型的过程，需要高于1000摄氏度的温度和大量的危险溶剂。</span></div><div><br></div><div> 与此相反，<font color="#f00000"><b>钙钛矿太阳能电池依赖于一层由低成本的感光<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">材料</a>制成的细小的晶体——每个晶体比人类头发丝的直径要小1000倍左右。由于钙钛矿原料可以与一种液体混合，形成一种“太阳能油墨”，所以它们可以用一个简单的喷墨打印过程来印刷到玻璃，塑料或其他材料上。</b></font><span style="line-height: 1.8em;">但是，到目前为止，还有一个问题：为了发电，必须从晶体中提取出由太阳能激发的<a href="http://electronic.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">电子</a>，以便它们能流过<a href="http://electronic.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">电路</a>。这个提取发生在一个被称为电子选择层（ESL）的特殊层。制造良好的电子选择层一直是一个阻碍钙钛矿太阳能电池设备开发的关键挑战。</span></div><div><br></div><div> “最开始，制造电子选择层最有效的材料是一种粉末，其必须在500摄氏度以上的高温下烘烤，”Tan说。“你不能把它放在一张柔软的塑料片上，或者放在一个完全成型的硅电池上——因为它们会熔化。”<span style="line-height: 1.8em;">Tan和他的同事们开发了一个新的化学反应使他们能够直接在电极上面生长了由溶液中的纳米粒子组成的电子选择层。虽然仍然需要热量，但是这个过程始终保持在150摄氏度以下，远低于许多塑料的熔点。</span></div><div><br></div><div> 新的纳米颗粒包覆有一层氯原子，这有助于它们与顶部的钙钛矿层结合在一起——这种强结合能有效地提取电子。在最近发表在《科学》杂志上的一篇论文中，Tan和他的同事报告称，使用这种新方法制造的太阳能电池的效率达到了20.1%。<span style="line-height: 1.8em;">“这是被报告过的低温处理技术中最好的结果，”Tan说。他补充说，使用更老的高温方法的钙钛矿太阳能电池的效率也仅仅略高于22.1%，而即使是最好的硅太阳能电池也只能达到26.3%。</span></div><div><br></div><div> 另一个优点是稳定性。许多钙钛矿太阳能电池在仅仅几个小时以后就会出现严重的性能下降，但Tan发明的电池即使经过500小时的使用也还能保留其原有效率的90%以上。“我认为我们的新技术为解决这一问题铺平了道路，”负责这项工作的Tan博士说，这项工作是一个荷兰国家杰出博士后研究基金项目的一部分。<span style="line-height: 1.8em;">“多伦多大学的团队的计算研究很好地解释了新开发的电子选择层的作用。这项工作说明了计算材料科学对理性的下一代能源设备所作出的快速增长的贡献，”Alan Aspuru Guzik教授说，他是哈佛大学化学与化学生物学系计算材料科学方面的专家，他没有参与这项工作。</span></div><div><br></div><div> “为了加强最好的硅太阳能电池，下一代的<a href="http://opticalfilm.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">薄膜</a>技术需要与成品电池兼容。这就需要适中的<a href="http://optics.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">加工</a>温度，就像多伦多大学的小组在《科学》杂志上报道的技术那样，”芝加哥大学化学系的Luping Yu教授说。Yu是溶液法制备太阳能电池的专家，他并没有参与这项工作。<span style="line-height: 1.8em;">在制造过程中保持低温带来了许多钙钛矿太阳能电池应用的可能性，从能够提供充电功能的智能手机壳，到能抵消建筑能耗的太阳能主动着色窗户。在不久的将来，Tan的技术可以与传统的太阳能电池串联使用。</span></div><div><br></div><div> “有了我们的低温<a href="http://optics.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">工艺</a>，我们可以将我们的钙钛矿电池直接镀在硅的上面，而不会破坏其底层材料，”Tan说。“如果钙钛矿-硅混合电池可以将效率提高到30%或更高，则会使太阳能发电成为一个更好的经济主张。”</div><div><br></div><div><p style="text-align: center;"><a href="data/attachment/portal/201702/21/095407xuadqq15102yb1wq.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201702/21/095407xuadqq15102yb1wq.jpg"></a></p><p style="text-align: center;"><br></p><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="line-height: 25.2px;">欢迎关注光电<a href="http://news.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">资讯</a>微信公众号，每天将由光电工程师<a href="http://club.oecr.com" target="_blank" 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