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type="text/css"></style> <div id="ct" class="ct2 wp cl"> <div class="mn"> <div class="bm_haa cl"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=62" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a><h1 class="xs2">文章</h1> </div></div> <div class="kjkjb"> <div class="bm vw" style="margin-bottom:0;"> <div class="h hm"> <div class="zxtoux"><img src="http://www.oecr.com/uc_server/avatar.php?uid=54876&size=small" /></div> <h1 class="ph">红外焦平面阵列原理及分类 </h1> <p class="xg1"> 时间：2015-12-23 15:47<a class="zz" href="home.php?mod=space&uid=54876">作者：update</a> 阅读<em id="_viewnum">(2341)</em> 评论: <a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=comment&id=3774&idtype=aid" title="查看全部评论"><em id="_commentnum">5</em></a></p> <div class="zxfb" ><a href="http://www.oecr.com/portal.php?mod=rss&catid=62" class="y xi2 rss" target="_blank" title="RSS">订阅</a></div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarytop]--><div id="diysummarytop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="s"> <div class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>焦平面探测器的焦平面上排列着感光元件阵列，从无限远处发射的红外线经过光学系统成像在系统焦平面的这些感光元件上，探测器将接受到光信号转换为电信号并进行积分放大、采样保持，通过输出缓冲和多路传输系统，最终 ...</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content"><font face="宋体" size="3"> </font><p align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "微软雅黑","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'><a class="opattach" href="javascript:;"></a><font face="Tahoma"><a class="opattach" href="javascript:;"></a><span class="opattach_ctrl"><a class="opattach" href="javascript:;"> </a><a class="opattach" href="javascript:;"><img class="cur1" onclick="insertImage('data/attachment/portal/201512/23/155716db42iv2sd0zzaive.jpg');" src="http://www.oecr.com/data/attachment/portal/201512/23/155716db42iv2sd0zzaive.jpg.thumb.jpg"> </a><a class="opattach" href="javascript:;"></a></span><a class="opattach" href="javascript:;"> </a></font><a class="opattach" href="javascript:;"></a></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style='font-family: "微软雅黑","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'>一、红外焦平面阵列原理</span></p><font face="宋体" size="3"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style='font-family: "微软雅黑","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'> 焦平面探测器的焦平面上排列着感光元件阵列，从无限远处发射的红外线经过光学系统成像在系统焦平面的这些感光元件上，探测器将接受到光信号转换为电信号并进行积分放大、采样保持，通过输出缓冲和多路传输系统，最终送达监视系统形成图像。</span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style='font-family: "微软雅黑","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'><br></span></p><p align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style='font-family: "微软雅黑","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'><a class="opattach" href="javascript:;"><font face="Tahoma"><span class="opattach_ctrl"> </span><img width="322" height="123" class="cur1" style="width: 376px; height: 153px;" onclick="insertImage('data/attachment/portal/201512/23/155747ijgyvyklnlg1tsld.jpg');" src="http://www.oecr.com/data/attachment/portal/201512/23/155747ijgyvyklnlg1tsld.jpg.thumb.jpg"> </font></a></span></p><p align="center" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style='font-family: "微软雅黑","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'><font face="Tahoma"> <br></font></span></p><font face="宋体" size="3"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style='font-family: "微软雅黑","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'>二</span><span style='font-family: "微软雅黑","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'>、红外焦平面阵列分类</span></p><font face="宋体" size="3"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style='font-family: "微软雅黑","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'>（<span lang="EN-US">1</span>）根据制冷方式划分</span></p><font face="宋体" size="3"> </font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style='font-family: "微软雅黑","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'> 根据制冷方式，红外焦平面阵列可分为制冷型和非制冷型。</span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style='font-family: "微软雅黑","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'> 制冷型红外焦平面目前主要采用杜瓦瓶<span lang="EN-US">/</span>快速起动节流致冷器集成体和杜瓦瓶<span lang="EN-US">/</span>斯特林循环致冷器集成体。由于背景温度与探测温度之间的对比度将决定探测器的理想分辨率，所以为了提高探测仪的精度就必须大幅度的降低背景温度。当前制冷型的探测器其探测率达到～<span lang="EN-US">1011cmHz1/2W-1</span>，而非制冷型的探测器为～ <span lang="EN-US">109cmHz1/2W-1</span>，相差为两个数量级。不仅如此，它们的其他性能也有很大的差别，前者的响应速度是微秒级而后者是毫秒级。</span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style='font-family: "微软雅黑","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'>（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）依照光辐射与物质相互作用原理划分</span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style='font-family: "微软雅黑","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'> 依此条件，红外探测器可分为光子探测器与热探测器两大类。</span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style='font-family: "微软雅黑","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'> 光子探测器是基于光子与物质相互作用所引起的光电效应为原理的一类探测器，包括光<a href="http://electronic.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">电子</a>发射探测器和<a href="http://sensor.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">半导体</a>光电探测器，其特点是探测灵敏度高、响应速度快、对波长的探测选择性敏感，但光子探测器一般工作在较低的环境温度下，需要致冷器件。热探测器是基于光辐射作用的热效应原理的一类探测器，包括利用温差电效应制成的测辐射热电偶或热电堆，利用物体体电阻对温度的敏感性制成的测辐射热敏电阻探测器和以热电<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">晶体</a>的热释电效应为根据的热释电探测器。这类探测器的共同特点是：无选择性探测（对所有波长光辐射有大致相同的探测灵敏度），但它们多数工作在室温条件下。<span lang="EN-US"></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style='font-family: "微软雅黑","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'><span lang="EN-US"></span>（<span lang="EN-US">3</span>）按照结构形式划分</span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style='font-family: "微软雅黑","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'> 红外焦平面阵列器件由红外探测器阵列部分和读出<a href="http://electronic.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">电路</a>部分组成。</span><span style='font-family: "微软雅黑","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'> 因此，按照结构形式分类，红外焦平面阵列可分为单片式和混成式两种。其中，单片式集成在一个硅衬底上，即读出电路和探测器都使用相同的<a href="http://material.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">材料</a>。混成式是指红外探测器和读出电路分别选用两种材料，如红外探测器使用 <span lang="EN-US">HgCdTe</span>，读出电路使用<span lang="EN-US">Si</span>。混成式主要分为倒装式和<span lang="EN-US">Z</span>平面式两种。 </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style='font-family: "微软雅黑","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'>（<span lang="EN-US">4</span>）按成像方式划分</span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style='font-family: "微软雅黑","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'> 红外焦平面阵列分为扫描型和凝视型两种，</span><span style='font-family: "微软雅黑","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'>其区别在于扫描型一般采用时间延迟积分（<span lang="EN-US">TDI</span>）技术，采用串行方式对电信号进行读取；凝视型式则利用了二维形成一张图像，无需延迟积分，采用并行方式对电信号进行读取。凝视型成像速度比扫描型成像速度快，但是其需要的成本高，电路也很复杂。<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style='font-family: "微软雅黑","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'>（<span lang="EN-US">5</span>）根据波长划分</span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style='font-family: "微软雅黑","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;'> 由于运用卫星及其它空间工具，通过大气层对地球表面目标进行探测，只有穿过大气层的红外线才会被探测到。人们发现了三个重要的大气窗口：<span 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