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class="ss"><div><span>导读： </span>新生婴儿可以在30厘米的距离看清父母的表情。研究人员首次重建了婴儿对世界的视觉感知。通过结合科技、数学和对婴儿视觉感知的先前知识，研究人员成功的向成年人观众展示了新生婴儿可以实际看见的环境有多少。结果显 ...</div> </div> <!--[diy=diysummarybottom]--><div id="diysummarybottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <div class="d"> <!--[diy=diycontenttop]--><div id="diycontenttop" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="vwtb"><tr><td id="article_content"><div>新生婴儿可以在30厘米的距离看清父母的表情。研究人员首次重建了婴儿对世界的视觉感知。通过结合科技、数学和对婴儿视觉感知的先前知识，研究人员成功的向成年人观众展示了新生婴儿可以实际看见的环境有多少。结果<a href="http://display.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">显示</a>2-3天的婴儿可以在30厘米的距离——这是婴儿和照料她的母亲之间的典型距离——感知面孔，甚至可能感知情绪面部表情。如果这个距离增加到60厘米，那么视觉图像将变得太模糊，以至于无法感知面部和表情。这项研究是由挪威奥斯陆大学心理学学院的研究人员与瑞典乌普萨拉大学以及斯德哥尔摩日蚀光学公司的同事合作进行的。</div><div><br></div><div>这项研究填补了有关婴儿视觉世界知识的空缺，后者持续了几十年。这或可以帮助解释新生婴儿可以在刚出生几天或几周内模仿成年人的面部表情的声称，而他们的视觉尚未完全发育得可以感知周围环境的细节。关键词就是运动。</div><div><br></div><div>“在此之前，当研究人员试图精确估计新生婴儿究竟可以看见什么时，他们总是使用静止照片。但真实世界是动态性的，我们的设想是使用运动的图片。” 奥斯陆大学心理学学院荣誉教授斯韦恩·马格努森（Svein Magnussen）这样说道。</div><div><br></div><div>在他的事业早期，马格努森进行了人类视觉感知的研究。在15年前的某一天，他和同事讨论了<a href="http://opticaltest.oecr.com" target="_blank" class="relatedlink">测试</a>新生婴儿是否可以感知周围人群的面部表情的问题。研究人员表示如果婴儿的确可以看见和模仿面部表情，那么背后的原因可能是面孔在移动。</div><div><br></div><div>“在那时我们既没有设备也没有技术能力测试我们的想法。一年前我们才重新开始测试这一想法。因此我们的结果是基于一个陈旧的、未被测试的想法。”究竟是什么导致面部表情可以被婴儿理解的？为了进行测试，研究人员必须结合现代模拟技术和有关婴儿视觉工作原理的先前见解。我们获得了大量有关年轻婴儿对比灵敏度和空间分辨率的信息，后者是基于20世纪80年代进行的行为研究。在那时，研究人员发现向婴儿展示统一灰色背景下的人像图片导致他们会将注意力集中在人像上。</div><div><br></div><div>“研究使用了由黑白条纹组成的人像。通过选择特定条纹宽度和频率，背景看上去是统一的灰色，这使得婴儿不会将注意力集中在背景上。通过改变宽度和频率形成人像，研究人员可以确定让婴儿将注意力集中在人像上所需要的对比度和空间分辨率。” 马格努森说道。</div><div><br></div><div><p><a href="data/attachment/portal/201507/20/000142bdkjdikgp4yykngi.jpg" target="_blank"><img src="data/attachment/portal/201507/20/000142bdkjdikgp4yykngi.jpg"></a></p></div><div><span style="line-height: 1.8em;">2-3天的婴儿可以在30厘米的距离——这是婴儿和照料她的母亲之间的典型距离</span></div><div><br></div><div>换句话说，研究人员能够获得有关新生儿视觉的精确信息。但对于他们而言未知的是这些信息的实际后果。例如，它是否意味着新生婴儿可以看到俯身看他们的成年人的表情？</div><div><br></div><div>识别某些移动图像比模糊的静止图片更容易。研究人员记录了在不同情绪表情间切换的面部视频，从而过滤掉我们已知新生婴儿无法利用的信息。然后，他们让成年人被试者观看这些视频。如果成年人无法确定一个面部表情，那么就可以假定新生儿也无法鉴别这个面部表情。</div><div><br></div><div>当在30厘米的距离观看视频时，成年人被试者正确鉴别表情的概率大约为3/4。当距离增加到120厘米时，被试者的鉴别率和随机猜测的概率差不多。这意味着新生婴儿基于可得的视觉信息鉴别面部表达的能力在30厘米的距离达到了极限。</div><div><br></div><div>“我们必须记住我们只调查了新生儿可以看见的事物，而非他们可以理解的事物，这一点非常重要。” 马格努森这样指出。</div><div><br></div><div>之前的研究重造了新生儿的视觉现实，例如在学生的教科书上，它们往往依赖拍摄一张正常的照片然后将它模糊。马格努森承认他很惊讶在他之前竟然没有人利用已经掌握的有关婴儿视觉感知的细节信息。因此这是我们首次具体估计新生婴儿可获得的视觉信息。</div><div><br></div><div>马格努森和他的同事非常开心最终能够测试他们15年前的一个想法。至于进一步深入探究他们的结果，他们准备留给别人。“参与这项研究的所有人现在都涉足了其他研究领域。我们目前的处境是已经打好了基础。如果任何人想要继续这项研究，那完全取决他们。” 马格努森说道。</div><div><br></div><div>年轻的妈妈们也应该学习点光电知识，照顾宝宝也是科学哦！</div></td></tr></table> <!--[diy=diycontentbottom]--><div id="diycontentbottom" class="area"></div><!--[/diy]--> <script 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